How everyone became depressed - Edward Shorter

This book argues that psychiatry's love affair with the diagnosis of depression has become a death grip.
Depression is a real illness, especially in its melancholic form.
But most patients who get the diagnosis of 'depression' are also anxious, fatigued, unable to sleep, have all kinds of physical symptoms, and tend to obsess about the whole thing.
They do not have a disorder of 'mood'.
It is a travesty to call them all 'depressed.'
How did this happen?
How dideveryone become depressed?
A well-known historian, the author describes how in the 19th century patients with those symptoms were considered 'nervous,' and when they lost control it was a 'nervous breakdown.'
Then psychiatry turned its back on the whole concept of nerves, and - first under the influence of Freud's psychoanalysis and then the influence of the pharmaceutical industry - the diagnosis
of depression took center stage.
The result has been a scientific disaster, leading to the misdiagnosis and inappropriatetreatment (with antidepressants) of millions of patients. Urging that the diagnosis of depression be re-thought, the book turns a dramatic page in the understanding of psychiatric symptoms that are as common as the common cold. The book makes an immediate contribution to the debate about DSM5, which is due to be released very soon, in terms of discussing the diagnosis of depression. The author controversially proposes replacing the diagnosis of 'major depression' with 'melancholia' and 'nonmelancholia';
he argues that
depression and anxiety usually occur together and are really the same disease; and he says that patients with so-called mood disorders really have a disorder of the entire body. The author's ability to make use of the enormous well of psychiatry's past history in several languages make this a unique book that contributes to the important discussions today of diagnosis and treatment.

Edward Shorter is an internationally-recognized historian of psychiatry and the author of numerous books, including A History of Psychiatry from the Era of the Asylum to the Age of Prozac (1997) and Before Prozac (2009).
Shorter is the Jason A. Hannah Professor in the History of Medicine and a Professor of Psychiatry in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto.

A fascinating and erudite volume Historians and practitioners of psychiatry, psychology, neuroscience, and many other mental health professions will find this book illuminating, interesting, and challenging at the same time.

PsycCRITIQUES

This is a highly learned historical study with much sensitivity to the interaction of scholarly, professional, and economic interests that shape research and clinical practice.

Years Work in Critical and Cultural Theory