Carbon exists in steel in different chemical forms, according as the latter is hardened or not. This is seen from the different action that dilute acids have upon steel under these two different conditions. When hardened steel is treated with sulphuric acid (one part of sulphuric acid in ten parts of water) a part of the carbon is evolved as hydrocarbons, the rest remains as a residue.(1) The carbon that is transformed into hydrocarbons is called hardening carbon. The residue is called carbide carbon.
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