Writing instructional objectives for teaching and assessment - Norman E. Gronlund

With a new title that reflects its broader focus, the seventh edition of this essential "how to" text again provides a step-by-step guide to writing instructional objectives as intended learning outcomes. The author describes how to state objectives in terms of the type of performance students must demonstrate in order to show that they have achieved the goals of the instruction-and illustrates his recommended methods with numerous examples. Gronlund describes a specific procedure for writing objectives-one that can be used to achieve all types of learning outcomes and is especially suited to teaching thinking, performance, and problem-solving skills. He stresses the important role of objectives in the teaching-learning assessment process and how they can be used to improve student learning.